Standard configurations are for 25 place or 50 place systems. 60 and lead $. Sorry, we have detected unusual traffic from your network. 60. com. Gas furnaces have key parts such as gas valves and draft inducer motors that electric furnaces don’t have. Get Gold Melting Machine at lowest price | ID: 2850545989873. 0 0. Operated by foot control. The process takes two to three hours. The SiC muffle also ensures a clean and. The coke is 86% C, 5 SiO 2, 7 Al 2 O 3, 2 FeO and 120 kg, which is used per tonne of pig iron. Ramesh Singh, in Applied Welding Engineering (Third Edition), 2020. Rubber rolling cloth, 36″x 36″. Available with natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, or oil (diesel) fuel source options. These cupellation furnace price are offered on the site by the leading suppliers and wholesalers for competitive prices and deals. 0575324839 Email: info@fioainternational. But the roaring sound tells me you have an oxygen rich environment in the furnace and you are losing. PAIR WITH. Natural Gas – Furnace Industries NG2 burner package. We offer a wide range of sample drying ovens, cupellation, ashing, calcining and roasting furnaces as well as fused silica and fireclay crucibles, for your foundry. Gas Cupellation Furnace. 5125 J. 168-Place Cupellation Furnace, Furnace and Assay Supplies. (See, however, Tavener’s process, p. 00. The MHI silicon carbide heating elements are available in eight basic configurations. RAB ME-dikonversi. It is heated by 9 U-shaped silicon carbide heaters installed on the furnace wall. Electrical load: 5 AMPS. Key Benefits Uses a No. It would probably be better to make two operations of this, raising the fineness to 50 or 60 per cent, of gold and silver in one. Stm-1-17 Heating Element High Quality Silicon Carbide Rod Sic High Temperatue 1700c High Temperature Muffle Furnace Vacuum Furnace Electric Furnace Lab Furnace US$ 2500-3030 / Piece 1 Piece (MOQ) The Electric 25 Place Fusion Furnace is suitable for small labs processing between 100 to 400 samples per day, including standards. Over this time, Labec have. Find a trusted Laboratory Furnace supplier and compare products for sale in Australia. The Standa rd temperatures (o C). 500°C to 1200°C ŸSilicon Carbide Muffle for Energy Efficient and better uniformity. Also compare specifications and support so you can buy with confidence. Programming : Instruction List/Ladder. 328512) Neoprene acid-proof gloves n. Laboratory Furnace in Perth & Melbourne Australia for sale - Get Quotes to Compare Price & Specifications50KG Metal Steel Scrap Cast Iron Electric Induction Melting Furnace Copper Cans . With that said, we’ve drawn up a list of all the. MSE Cupellation furnace is suitable for melting at 1100°C after the mixing of samples with together the chemicals such as Borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 10H 2 O), Silica Sand (SiO 2), Lead (II) Oxide (PbO), Silver Nitrate (AgNO 3), Potassium Nitrate (KNO 3), Carbon (C), Sodium Carbonate (NACO 3), Calcium Fluoride (CaF 2). Supplier: KLEN INTERNATIONAL (74) PTY LTD. Suitable for labs 400-1000 samples per day including standards. Gas Cupellation Furnace. Hidden_link Hidden_link2 Hidden_link3Cupellation Furnace, Fire Assay Cupellation Furnace, Laboratory Furnace, Muffle Furnace. Magnesite cupels that can be supplied packaged for use with either 25 plc or 50 plc. The flux is pure CaCO 3, and 25 kg are used per tonne of pig iron charged. Get a Alsto Cupellation Furnace | Electrical (50 place; 100 place & 168 Place) price and specifications from ALSTO. Also compare specifications and support so you can buy with confidence. 60. Optional port viewing window, rear extraction unit and hand valve door control extras are also available. , Ltd. Contact us today to find out more. Configurations of 50 place and 100 place furnaces can be supplied and configured for LPG, natural gas,. Reference 77000000180. Max temp: 1200 °C; Chamber volumes: 10 to 43 litres; Charge capacity of no. Any recommendations on the best to use. Transformer 15kVa Multi-tap 50-60Hz. CRUCIBLES . 1200 Degree Electric Muffle Furnace for Fire Assay Cupellation Progress, Find Details and Price about Furnace Cupellation Furnace from 1200 Degree Electric Muffle Furnace for Fire Assay Cupellation Progress - Qingdao Yosion Intelligent Technology Co. ! txx@huaemw. Delta Furnaces. Furnace and Assay understand that in an industry where many Laboratories are in some of the most remote locations in the world, maintenance and technical support can be the difference for their success and survival in a competitive market. Also find Cupellation Furnace price list from verified companies | ID: 10552908512. Also compare specifications and support so you can buy with confidence. Also use Get Quotes to request offers from other expert suppliers in one easy step. Find Cupellation Furnace manufacturers, suppliers, dealers & latest prices from top companies in India. Laboratory Furnace in Perth Australia for sale - Get Quotes to Compare Price & Specifications84 x 55 gram. Figs. Electric Fusion/Cupellation Furnace. C. Gas/Oil Furnace 1 PF325PFA Burner Controller LFL1. Also use Get Quotes to request offers from other expert suppliers in one easy step. The CF cupellation furnaces are designed for the cupellation, or fire assay test, of precious metals, which is a standard test method used to determine their purity. The power on each phase is electronically controlled which avoids manual regulation and increases the life of the heating elements. 70. Analyzing Gold: Fire Assay vs. Backed with Vermiculite Insulation board. From this evidence we must conclude that the cupellation process, and therefore fire assaying, was invented in Asia Minor in the first half of the third millennium B. 2¼” x 3½”Jaw Crusher. YOSION can supply complete multi-load and multi-pour systems that undertake weighing,fusion through to cupellation. The design of the cupellation furnace range ensures protection from the corrosive environment which would damage a conventional furnace. Gas/Oil Furnace 1 PF325PFA Burner Controller LFL1. Studies conducted by Bayley and Eckstein (2006) and Bayley (2009) suggested that cupellation in. The charred sample is then place in a muffle furnace at 500 °Celsius until all evidence of carbon is gone. Charge capacity of no. 5 Muffle. •The furnace is. We offer the Mines Assay 3 electric fusion and cupellation furnace, as well as larger gas cupellation and fusion furnaces. Inquiry Cart 0 Home Products Suppliers About Us Contact Us Help Site Map 公司介绍 联系. Key Benefits Uses a No. The heating elements allow for continuous operation at 1200°C. The test method produces hazardous vapours. Thanks for helping. Above is a list of fire assay equipment, utensils and consumables. Cupels should be 168 x 6A, 7A, or 7AS. 23% for a wet-charged reverberatory furnace vs 0. All of your fire assay needs are available through VWR. Bolt holes in base plates of all 4 legs. make a very thin sheet from your metal prill, 2. industries@morganplc. (cod. ) and Diesel. Cupellation Furnace | Electrical (50 place; 100 place & 168 Place) Fusion. 18F052X640. Blister copper is refined by stirring molten impure metal with green logs of wood because such woods liberate gases like CH 4 . 2. The furnace is mounted on a console fabricated from 2mm Zinc Anneal sheet and painted in. Also compare specifications and support so you can buy with confidence. What is Electric Cupellation Furnace for Assay The Gold 50-Place, 100-Place, cupellation furnace manufacturers & suppliers on Video Channel of Made-in-China. Carbolite Gero also offers a range of smelting/melting furnaces. com. Qingdao Decent Group cupellation furnace is a kind of fire assay equipment used to detect the content of gold, silver and precious metals, also known as muffle furnace. Ghadhar Party 3. MARC is a re-seller of Furnace Industries’ Market-Leading Furnace range. ammonium sulfate solution; paddywax incense palo santo; primal strength commercial 2 tier dumbbell rack v2; kawasaki versys 650 2022 top speed; 3m under sink water filter model a; unfinished unassembled kitchen cabinets; cupellation temperature cupellation temperature. Description: These 168-place cupellation furnaces. We enable science by offering product choice, services, process excellence and our people make it happen. Dalvi, owing to his management skills, business acumen and client centric approach we have attain such a remarkable place in the market. com. Spare PartsSourcing Guide for Assay Crucible Fusion Furnace: With hundreds of thousands of products to choose from and an ever growing product range, your industrial equipment needs are sureCupellation Furnaces for sale online. 0 piece. Takes 50 x 6a, 7a, 7as Cupels or 36 x 8s Cupels at one time. Our cupellation furnace range is available in a range of sizes, suitable for a range of cupels. 2 100 place PRODUCT SUMMARY The 100 Place Cupellation Furance is suitable for large labs processing between 400 to 1000 samples per day, including standards. 3 yrs. The well know brand name ‘Labec’ has been part of the Australian market place now since 1945. Cupellation Furnace Range Model MF-D. 2 x salt, vinegar/urin and 2x powdered brick mix till it has a paste like consistency. Product details. Description: These 168-place cupellation furnaces are available with LPG, natural gas, or diesel fuel source options. It is a largest B2B market place for all manufacturer and traders. Easy to maintain and operate. Cold ramming paste. . industries@morganplc. IndiaMART Member Since Nov 2010. industries@morganplc. 842 gram of silver (from the metallics) must be added to its produce. Bolt holes in base plates. Because of its cost, Bismuth for cupellation is 3 times as costly to do an assay. A standard muffle furnace is not satisfactory for this purpose. Execute Time : Basic Instructions: 0. 3cm). Metallurgy - Copper Alloy, Zinc Alloy, Brass: While some zinc appears in bronzes dating from the Bronze Age, this was almost certainly an accidental inclusion, although it may foreshadow the complex ternary alloys of the early Iron Age, in which substantial amounts of zinc as well as tin may be found. Electric Fix Gold Cupellation Furnace Hallmarking. Bombardier, St-Hubert, J3Z 1G4, QC, Canada Tel: 1-888-PYRADIA Fax: 1-450-463-3252 – – sales@pyradia. 01272370519Cupellation Furnace Model EMF-C Phone: +61 (0)8 9249 4400 Website: Email: furnace. The Cupellation Furnace with SiC Muffle is a high-performance furnace designed for use in the assaying of precious metals, particularly gold and silver. Talfurnco is a supplier and manufacturer of furnaces,foundry furniture and ancilliary equipment. The noble silver and gold remain in the elemental form, while the lead. , Qingdao Mars Labtech Co. The SCF 1 has a single chamber, all other smelting furnace models have twin chambers with separate lids. William Shakespeare. The proficient and optimum quality. The requirements of precious metals smelting and testing demand specially designed furnaces. Once every few months or when the furnace is shut down and cool, vacuum out the furnace and the element grooves. Laboratory Furnace in Perth & Unspecified Australia for sale - Get Quotes to Compare Price & SpecificationsFurnace Tile, 560 x 470 x 22mm (Suit No. Due of its high chamber design, model N 30/13 CUP can also be used for crucible melting. Annual Turnover Rs. Model EMF-H. 1635 2 RF336LFL Ceramic Anchor 3" (Complete Assembly) (Set of 8) 1 PC128008. 5. Model EMF-H. Works with natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (L. X = cupellation, Y = ZnOD. 5 kg. Laboratory Furnace in Perth Australia for sale - Get Quotes to Compare Price & Specifications 84 x 55 gram. 0575324839 Email: info@fioainternational. Also use Get Quotes to request offers from other expert suppliers in one easy step. Our engineers work closely with our customers to select the right furnace for their needs. Get Best Price. Some of the key features are: silicon carbide heating elements with access through side panels for easy replacement. We enable science by offering product choice, services, process excellence and our people make it happen. cupellation, separation of gold or silver from impurities by melting the impure metal in a cupel (a flat, porous dish made of a refractory, or high-temperature-resistant, material) and then directing a blast of hot air on it in a special furnace. V. Min Order: 1. Advertise. FURNACE. The cupellation furnaces are designed for the cupellation, or fire assay test, of precious metals, which is a standard test method used to determine their purity. FUEL SOURCE Natural Gas Liquified Petroleum Gas Oil/Desiel CRUCIBLES 100 x 6A Cupels 100 x 7A or 7AS Cupels INTERNAL DIMENSION 560mm deep 480mm wide 190mm high PAIR WITH 50 Place Fusion. Request for quotation Cupellation furnace N 4/13 CUP as a tabletop model Request information Catalog download Cupellation is a process to separate precious metals, such as gold or silver, from alloys with base metals. Built to industry standards. 30 x 55gram INTERNAL DIMENSION. Internal Dimension: Deep : 650mm. Sintering Furnace for Zirconia (S-6100) up to 50 crowns at once. The systems can be ordered as a turnkey solution, or as individual units. Then for next 4 min allow the "blower out", and give 10 more min, switching off the furnace, to reduce the temp up to 965 degree C. Also use Get Quotes to request offers from other expert suppliers in one easy step. Also compare specifications and support so you can buy with confidence. 85. Standard features 1200°C maximum operating temperature Designed for testing using the cupellation method to ISO11426:1999 the161,50. EMF-C Cupellation Furnace Thermocouple Sheath (Outer) 250 x 15mm 4 RC103CFE Timer, Panasonic TB53 1 RCALTB53 Vent Tube No. Changzhou Wellife Furnace Co Ltd Trade Data from global. Furnaces are available to meet the assay needs of your laboratory, whether only a few cupellations or hundreds are required daily. Thousands of these furnaces are in use throughout the world. Find a trusted Laboratory Furnace supplier and compare products for sale in Australia. -A. 0372 95% Sample 017. Cell, (Flame Detector) QRA. Distillate – Furnace Industries oil burner package. Annual Turnover Upto Rs. To Wrap Up. Our engineers work closely with our customers to select the right furnace for their requirements, so contact us today to find out more. 50 (cod. - Easy to maintain and operate. 3342 STANDARD 3 75. Image Description Suggested Stock Qty. During the process, aggressive gases that attack the insulation and the heating are released. Maximum temperature: 1,200 °C. 566160) Carborundum muffle for assays furnace complete with refractory plate. Cupellation is a refining process in metallurgy in which ores or alloyed metals are treated under very high temperatures and subjected to controlled operations to separate noble metals, like gold and silver, from base metals, like lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, present in the [email protected] is a metallurgical method for separating metals from an ore or alloy. 2 4 RF204FF3 Vent Tube No. Cupellation Muffle Furnace, 100-Place, Furnace and Assay Supplies. During cupellation, put the lead button which formed in fusion into the cupel, and melt it at 900 degrees Celsius in the cupellation furnace. industries@morganplc. The furnace is fitted with a 10 AMP single phase cord and plug top. Drawing of a BBOC mounted on its tilting frame. 5 0. X = cupellation. Nabertherm. Ceramic muffle for cupellation furnace 182x235x110mm Holder for initial assay sampling (cod. Cupels. Internal Dimensions. 4 Muffle. Description: These 168-place cupellation furnaces are available with LPG, natural gas, or diesel fuel source options. Anushilan SamithiB. We accept OEM custom products all made in China. Spare PartsConfigurations of 50 place and 100 place furnaces can. We accept OEM custom products all made in China. Our engineers work closely with our customers to select the right furnace for their needs. 4 0. When unpacking or moving the furnace always lift it by its base or by both ends of the main body. The heating element of the cupellation furnace adopts silicon carbide heaters, and the furnace. Also use Get Quotes to request offers from other expert suppliers in one easy step. HOT SURFACE Caution: Hot Surface. UHP Graphite Electrode. The design of the cupellation furnace range ensures protection from the corrosive environment which would damage a conventional furnace. The two noble metals are collected, dissolved in acids, and determined by atomic-absorption spectrometry. 147mm, of which 0. Bolt holes in base plates of all 4 legs for individual adjustment on uneven surfaces. Carbolite Gero also offers a range of. Cupellation furnace N 10/13 CUP with closing brick and base on castors50, 60 gram & #5, #6 Fire Clay Crucibles; Size K, L, #12, #14 Melters;. It's a diesel furnace (two fan-forced burners at the back) but the burners are mounted quite high up the back of the furnace and i dont think they are powerful enough to cause what you're talking about. We enable science by offering product choice, services, process excellence and our people make it happen. The cupellation furnace range is summarized in the table below based on muffle size and heat source. 0950 104% 50 ppm Standard 2 45. Since we cupel 84 samples at a time, it is impractical to load the lead buttons in to the cupels while they are in the furnace. Cupellation Furnace This 50 place cupellation furnace is electrically powers by a 10500 Watt heating element allowing it to reach and hold a temperature of 1200 degrees C. Please slide to verify. Since the 20 grams assayed was 1-2oth of the whole, 1-2oth part of the 0. It is heated by 12 elements mounted on the side walls. The method to be used depends partly on the composition of the bullion, and partly on the means at the disposal of the operator. Tam. ILS can supply cupellation furnaces manufactured by the world leaders in furnace technology. 0 0. IndiaMART. The remaining lead-gold-silver residue is treated by cupellation, a process in which the residue is heated to a high temperature (about 800 °C, or 1,450 °F) under strongly oxidizing conditions. be swapped between NG and LPG (propane) to suit varying site requirements, with just a few simple adjustments performed on-site involving a minimum of downtime and associated costs. Eight firings were con-ducted between April 2007 and July 2009. 8 cupels: 15, 24 or 50. 168-Place Cupellation Furnace, Furnace and Assay Supplies. Technical Information. The comprehensive setup includes a 25-place fusion furnace, a 50-place cupellation furnace, a complete set of fire assay tools, a Multi-load & Multi-pour System, clay crucibles, magnesia cupels, flux, and a dust collection system. We supply foundries, assaying, laboratories, metallurgical plants, platinum process plants and the heat-treatment industry. At this point the mercury is eliminated and condensed in cooling tubes passed through water. Model MF-D View. 06us /Applied Instruction: 1~10us. Home Fire Assay Fire Assay Products Crucibles ILS offers a choice of crucibles, in either single or multi-use varieties, to suit your assay requirements. No. We are always glad to offer attractive discount and promotions if you are gonna. 2 electric PRODUCT SUMMARY The Electric 100 Place Cupellation . Lala Hardhayal eague [ C. Ask Price. Cupels should be 168 x 6A, 7A, or 7AS. 50 Place Cupellation Furnace | 168 Place Cupellation Furnace | Electric 100 Place This furnace has several unique features which facilitate its use and assure results of the highest quality. Check out our prices. Cupellation Furnace Range Model EMF-D. 01272370519Cupellation Furnace. Cupellation Furnaces for sale online. Was this answer helpful? 0. 95 and 96. Shopping Sell. Working Area 560mm Deep 480mm Wide 190mm High Pair With 50 Place Fusion Furnace Description: The DFC Model 802 Electric Cupellation Furnace is the workhorse of the fire assay laboratory. 88 so a busy shop is only about to change when they have to. 0575357452 - Fax +39. Full annealing is the process by which the distorted cold-worked lattice structure is changed back to one that is strain-free through the application of heat. Yes, We reduced the charge mass from approx. Gallery ViewDescription: These Furnace Industries cupellation furnaces are available in LPG, natural gas, diesel or electric power. Morganite Cruicble India Ltd. Cupellation is conducted in a muffle furnace, the construction of which is shown in Figs. Our range of laboratory equipment and supplies includes but is not limited to the following: Multipour Systems Download Brochure Fusion Furnaces Download Brochure Cupellation Furnaces Download Brochure. Materials produced by FLSmidth to help increase productivity and sustainability in the mining and cement industries. The heating speed is very fast by silicon-molybdenum elements. Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, 37. 5kw, 3 Phase. A muffle furnace is a critical component for high-temperature laboratory heating, enabling samples to be heat-treated at temperatures exceeding 1000°C (1832°F) with low risk of cross-contamination. 55. Enhanced ventilation & precision horizontal airflow controls, using exhaust damper and air inlets position on door front. 5 cm tall, this furnace will hold 50 x 6A, 7A or 7AS cupels. Shopping. With a working area of 45 cm deep X 25 cm wide X 14. Pneumatic rising. To AVOID FIRE, do not place combustible materials where exposed to heat from open door. Voltage is customised to destination country of the furnace. 5Kpa Max Inlet: 7Kpa Dimension Size L*W*H = 860* 990* 1700mm Temperature 1,110 C 100 Place Cupellation Furnace, Natural Gas - 240v, FAS-170-NG Laboratory Furnaces ** 168 Place Fusion Furnace ( larger model available )Find a trusted Laboratory Furnace supplier and compare products for sale in Australia. Complete set of left and right electric connections for singlephase assay furnace FIOA 5. Takes 50 x 6a, 7a, 7as Cupels or 36 x 8s Cupels at one time. com FURNACE CASING The furnace casing is made of. MLS can supply cupellation furnaces manufactured by the world leaders in furnace technology. [ The Process of Cupellation ] Cupellation is the second step of the fire assay process. Built to Industry Standards. Available with natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, or oil (diesel) fuel source options. 8 cents. Also use Get Quotes to request offers from other expert suppliers in one easy step. 1 0. Supplier: KLEN INTERNATIONAL (74) PTY LTD. MFD-168 NG Cupellation Furnace Page 1 of 3 17 Montgomery Way, Malaga, Western Australia 6090 T: +61 08 9249 4400 F: +61 08 9249 4308 Email: furnace. Carbolite Gero also offers a range of smelting/melting furnaces. Click to feedback >Fire Assay Fusion Furnaces Manufacturers and Factory. They form a firm basis on which future operations will develop. . comAlsto can offer design, supply and installation of all mineral laboratory equipment and services including instrumentation and consumables. Voltage is customised to destination country of the furnace. ideally you want to cupel at 1750°F and your melt furnace exceeds that temperature with little ability to control it closely. Carbolite also offers a range of cupellation/fire assay furnaces. Transformer 15kVa Multi-tap 50-60Hz. The. Unspecified Furnace for sale - Get Quotes to Compare Price & Specifications in AustraliaWhile supplying fast delivery and excellent customer service, QINGDAO DECENT GROUP devotes itself to becoming a professional manufacturer in China for producing low price hot sales. Rashbehari Bose ] [ D. Working temperature: 1600. Help. Takes 50 x 6a, 7a, 7as cupels or 36 x 8s cupels at one time. Sturdy muffle furnace with 20mm silicon carbide chamber, Powerful forced air extraction inside the chamber to avoid. industries@morganplc. Door Operation. The amount of oil used varies from 4. 0575357452 - Fax +39. The equipment is used for the thousands gold,. Laboratory Supplies, Sample Preparation and Mining Supplies. Fusion Furnace Range Our Fusion Furnace range is available in a variety of sizes that are able to take a wide range of crucibles. 2 cents to 2. Large scale cupellation experiments are entirely based on Agricola’s book, from the construction of the furnace to the conduct of the process. 50 Lakh. The proposed procedure is simple, relatively rapid, and has been successfully applied to ores, concentrates, furnace products, and copper alloys. QINGDAO DECENT GROUP consists of Decent Group Limited, Qingdao Decent Electromechanical Tech Co. Transformer 15va Multi-tap 50 -60Hz. 60 and lead $. Manufactured from supreme quality raw materials, these are made in compliance with industry quality standards. 3Fe2O3 + CO → 2Fe3O4 + CO2. silicon carbide heating elements with access through side panels for easy replacement. Model MF-C View. 100 place 3 ABOUT US Furnace and Assay Supplies. Sorry it wasn't intended as a joke, it's not possible to do cupellation etc on a home gamer scale in the UK so I'm used to more industrial levels in commercial labs. com +8618570071584. com tel: +61 8 9399 9299. Cupellation is a refining process in metallurgy, where ores or alloyed metals are treated under high temperatures and controlled operations to separate noble metals, like gold and silver, from base metals like lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony or bismuth, present in the ore. Cupellation Furnace | 50 Place Cupellation Furnace | 168 Place Cupellation Furnace | Electric 100 Place Fusion Furnace | 25 Place Fusion Furnace | 50 Place Fusion Furnace | Electric 20 PlaceFind a trusted Laboratory Furnace supplier and compare products for sale in Australia. comDescription. No. 6 cupels. ILS can supply cupellation furnaces manufactured by the world leaders in furnace technology. 00 - $5. Calcined petroleum coke. 5kw, 3 Phase. 1200 Degree Electric Cupellation Furnace For Assay The Gold In Laboratory , Find Complete Details about 1200 Degree Electric Cupellation Furnace For Assay The Gold In Laboratory,Electric Cupellation Furnace,1200 Degree Muffle Furnace,Cupel Muffle Furnace from Industrial Furnace Supplier or Manufacturer-Qingdao Yosion Intelligent. So yes it is a very high base metal content that resulted from other concentration process(s) and no, we don't have an assay of the base/noble button. The ash is dissolved by adding 2 mL of water followed by 1 mL of concentrated nitric and 1 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acids. Electronic. Mar 12, 2009 #1. A.